1. Abdisa T. Review on therapeutic importance of Leech and its impact in domestic animals. MOJ Drug Des Develop Ther. 2018;2(6):235-242. DOI: 10.15406/mojddt.2018.02.00068
2. Abdualkader AM, Merzouk A, Ghawi AM, Alaama M. Some biological activities of Malaysian leech saliva extract. IIUM Engineering Journal. 2011 Dec 29;12(4). doi: https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v12i4.156
3. Abdualkader AM, Ghawi AM, Alaama M, Awang M, Merzouk A. Leech therapeutic applications. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2013;75(2):127-137.
4. Abdullah S, Dar LM, Rashid A, Tewari A. Hirudotherapy/leech therapy: applications and indications in surgery. Arch Clin Exp Surg. 2012 Jan 1;1(3):172-80. doi: 10.5455/aces.20120402072447
5. Aiello SE, Moses MA, Allen DG, editors. The Merck veterinary manual. White Station, NJ, USA: Merck & Company, Incorporated; 2016 Nov.
6. Amani L, Fadaei F, Shams Ardakani M, Mirabzadeh Ardakani M, Shirbeigi L. Treatment of Diabetic Foot Ulcer (DFU) with Pharmaceutical Product using Hirudo orientalis: A Case Report. Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research. 2020 Jul 10;28(129):225-9. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.30699/jambs.28.129.225
7. Amani L, Motamed N, Ardakani MM, Shasaltaneh MD, Malek M, Shamsa F, Fatemi E, Amin M. Semi-solid product of medicinal leech enhances wound healing in rats. Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products. 2021 Nov 30;16(4). doi: https://doi.org/10.5812/jjnpp.113910
8. Armbruster CE, Smith SN, Johnson AO, DeOrnellas V, Eaton KA, Yep A, Mody L, Wu W, Mobley HL. The pathogenic potential of Proteus mirabilis is enhanced by other uropathogens during polymicrobial urinary tract infection. Infection and immunity. 2017 Feb;85(2):10-128. doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.00808-16
9. Bessa LJ, Fazii P, Di Giulio M, Cellini L. Bacterial isolates from infected wounds and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern: some remarks about wound infection. International Wound Journal. 2015 Feb;12(1):47-52. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.12049
10. Clarke CE. Medical therapeutics derived from leeches (phy. Annelida; cl. Hirudinea). Muse Journal. 2016;3(1):211-223. doi: https://doi.org/10.31542/j.muse.297
11. Cutting KF, Harding KG. Criteria for identifying wound infection. Journal of Wound Care. 1994 Jun 2;3(4):198-201. doi: https://doi.org/10.12968/jowc.1994.3.4.198
12. Das BK. An overview on hirudotherapy/leech therapy. Indian Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2014 Jun;1(1):34.
13. Eldor A, Orevi M, Rigbi MJ. The role of the leech in medical therapeutics. Blood Reviews. 1996 Dec 1;10(4):201-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0268-960X(96)90000-4
14. Enoch S, Leaper DJ. Basic science of wound healing. Surgery (Oxford). 2008 Feb 1;26(2):31-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpsur.2007.11.005
15. Gal P, Kilik R, Mokry M, Vidinsky B, Vasilenko T, Mozes S, Bobrov N, Tomori Z, Bober J, Lenhardt L. Simple method of open skin wound healing model in corticosteroid-treated and diabetic rats: standardization of semi-quantitative and quantitative histological assessments. Veterinary Medicine. 2008 Dec 31;53(12):652-9. doi: 10.17221/1973-VETMED
16. Garivani B. Investigating the effect of leech saliva on osteomyelitis induced by Kirschner wire and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in rat tibia bone. Veterinary Professional Doctoral Thesis No. 89, Semnan University, Semnan. 2018.
17. Hasani Tabatabai A, Firouzi R. Bacterial diseases of livestock (4th ed). Tehran University Press, Tehran. (in Persian) 2014.
18. Herman TF, Bordoni B. Wound classification; 2020.
19. Indergand S, Graf J. Ingested blood contributes to the specificity of the symbiosis of Aeromonas veronii biovar sobria and Hirudo medicinalis, the medicinal leech. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2000 Nov 1;66(11):4735-41. doi: https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.66.11.4735-4741.2000
20. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Aster JC. Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease, professional edition e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2005.
21. Leibovich SJ, Ross R. The role of the macrophage in wound repair. A study with hydrocortisone and antimacrophage serum. The American Journal of Pathology. 1975 Jan;78(1):71.
22. Nikrou B, Naeimi S, Rassouli M, Ghaffari Khaligh S. The healing of wounds infected with Staphylococcus aureus is accelerated by leech saliva ointment. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Surgery. 2024. doi: https://doi.org/10.30500/ivsa.2024.467335.1411
23. Norouzian A, Habibi Gh, Fariver M. Wound management in large animals. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran. (in Persian) 1991.
24. Nutt EM, Jain D, Lenny AB, Schaffer L, Siegl PK, Dunwiddie CT. Purification and characterization of recombinant antistasin: a leech-derived inhibitor of coagulation factor Xa. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 1991 Feb 15;285(1):37-44. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9861(91)90325-D
25. Rafiei A. Investigating the effect of leech saliva on the healing of open skin wounds with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria in rats. Veterinary Professional Doctoral Thesis No. 175, Semnan University, Semnan. (in Persian) 2022.
26. Rasooli M, Estaji H, Beykha M, Maddah S, Raeisian B, Moshtaghi A, Roozbeh M. The effect of leech saliva (Hirudo medicinalis) on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in laboratory conditions. Iranian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine. 2019;24(87):51-55. (In Persian) Available: https://sid.ir/paper/398030/fa
27. Rigbi M, Orevi M, Eldor A. Platelet aggregation and coagulation inhibitors in leech saliva and their roles in leech therapy. Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis. 1996 Jun;22(3):273-278. doi: 10.1055/s-2007-999019
28. Romano Di Peppe S, Mangoni A, Zambruno G, Spinetti G, Melillo G, Napolitano M, Capogrossi MC. Adenovirus-mediated VEGF165 gene transfer enhances wound healing by promoting angiogenesis in CD1 diabetic mice. Gene Therapy. 2002 Oct;9(19):1271-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.gt.3301798
29. Różalski A, Torzewska A, Moryl M, Iwona K, Agnieszka M, Kinga O, Drzewiecka D, Zabłotni A, Palusiak A, Siwinska M, Paweł S. Proteus sp.–an opportunistic bacterial pathogen–classification, swarming growth, clinical significance, and virulence factors. Folia Biologica. 2012;8(1):1-17. doi: 10.2478/fobio-2013-
30. Sig AK, Guney M, Guclu AU, Ozmen E. Medicinal leech therapy—an overall perspective. Integrative Medicine Research. 2017 Dec 1;6(4):337-43. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2017.08.001
31. Singh AP. Medicinal leech therapy (hirudotherapy): a brief overview. Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 2010 Nov 1;16(4):213-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctcp.2009.11.005
32. Singh K, Anderson E, Harper JG. Overview and management of sternal wound infection. Seminars in Plastic Surgery. 2011 Feb;25(1):25–33. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0031-1275168
33. Stickler DJ. Susceptibility of antibiotic‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria to biocides: a perspective from the study of catheter biofilms. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2002 May 1;92(s1):163S-70S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.92.5s1.6.x
34. Tasiemski A. Antimicrobial peptides in annelids. Invertebrate Survival Journal. 2008 Jun 11;5(1):75-82.
35. Tasiemski A, Vandenbulcke F, Mitta G, Lemoine J, Lefebvre C, Sautiere PE, Salzet M. Molecular characterization of two novel antibacterial peptides inducible upon bacterial challenge in an annelid, the leech Theromyzon tessulatum. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2004 Jul 23;279(30):30973-82. doi: https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M312156200
36. Thakur R, Jain N, Pathak R, Sandhu SS. Practices in wound healing studies of plants. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2011 Oct;2011. doi: 10.1155/2011/438056
37. Wollina U, Heinig B, Nowak A. Medical leech therapy (Hirudotherapy). Our Dermatology Online/Nasza Dermatologia Online. 2016 Jan 1;7(1). doi: 10.7241/ourd.20161.24
38. Zaidi SM, Jameel SS, Zaman F, Jilani S, Sultana A, Khan SA. A systematic overview of the medicinal importance of sanguivorous leeches. Alternative Medicine Review. 2011 Mar 1;16(1):59-65.
39. Zavalova LL, Artamonova II, Berezhnoy SN, Tagaev AA, Baskova IP, Andersen J, Roepstorff P, Egorov TA. Multiple forms of medicinal leech destabilase-lysozyme. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 2003 Jun 20;306(1):318-23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00896-9
التیام