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  1 - A review on the structure of the skin
  Omid Zehtabvar Reza Khoshvaght Fakhra  Borgheie
  Skin (also known as the integument) is the largest organ of the body accounting for 12% to 20% (different ratio in various texts) of total body weight. Skin consists of two basic regions, the superficial epidermis and deep dermis. Beneath the dermis is the subcutaneous More

  Skin (also known as the integument) is the largest organ of the body accounting for 12% to 20% (different ratio in various texts) of total body weight. Skin consists of two basic regions, the superficial epidermis and deep dermis. Beneath the dermis is the subcutaneous or hypodermis layer of loose connective tissue. Generally, the main architecture of the skin similar in all mammals, but there are differences between various species. The skin is thickest over the dorsal surface of the body and is thinnest on the ventral surface of the body. The skin could have ridges on its surface or be smooth in some areas. Epidermis consists of Stratum basale, Stratum spinosum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum lucidum, Stratum corneum. Dermis consists of papillary and reticular layers and has a lot of blood and lymphatic vessels also sensitive and neurogenic receptors. Hair is a long, thin and elastic skin derivation that internal envelopment is from epidermis and loose connective tissue of external envelopment derived from dermis. Footpads are changed skin structures in cranial and caudal limbs. There are another structures like horn and hook that derived from skin. Abdominal cavity consists of these layers from inside to outside: skin, superficial fascia, skeletal muscles, deep fascia and serosa. Tunica serosa consists of a mesenchymal layer that forms from one layer of simple squamous epithelial cells and stroma connective tissue. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Methods of wound management
  Melika Danesh Mahdi ghamsari Farajolah Adib Hashemi
  The integrity of healthy skin plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological homeostasis of the body. Wound management is the most important issue in medicine and constantly evolving with the advances. The overall increase of different kind of wounds, and chronic w More

  The integrity of healthy skin plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological homeostasis of the body. Wound management is the most important issue in medicine and constantly evolving with the advances. The overall increase of different kind of wounds, and chronic wounds take a long time to heal makes wound care more complicated and important. Thus, there is a growing need to use of best methods for wound healing therapies to improve cutaneous wound healing. This article offers an overview of common methods of wound management, including physical, chemical and biological methods. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Introduce of a Simple and Minimally Invasive Approach for Access to Epidural Space
  Asma Asadian Mohammad mehdi Dehghan Majid Masudifard َAthena Salimi
  20.1001.1.24235695.1400.8.1.5.9
  Background: Although various researches have been conducted to improve therapeutic strategies in resolving spinal cord injuries, robust clinical treatment is not yet available. Developing a standard animal model is essential before treatment. Objectives: The present st More

  Background: Although various researches have been conducted to improve therapeutic strategies in resolving spinal cord injuries, robust clinical treatment is not yet available. Developing a standard animal model is essential before treatment. Objectives: The present study was performed to introduce a simple, applicable, and minimally invasive approach for access to epidural space in cat. Methods: We used per-cutaneous approach from lumbosacral junction for stainless steel cannula insertion to the epidural space. CT-scan, conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, tractography, and behavioral evaluation were used to assess the correct position of cannula and neurological condition of the patient. Results: MRI results showed no significant change in signal intensity index of neural structures under lumbosacral junction. These observations were further supported by tractography, and also behavioral examination during study. Conclusions: We found that per-cutaneous approach from lumbosacral junction is a simple and applicable approach which has no side effects and artifact formation in MRI evaluation. Manuscript profile