Extracted teeth are always considered as waste or debris. Tooth extraction is the most performed procedure in dentistry following cleaning and prophylaxis in small animals. The first indication of tooth extraction is advanced periodontal disease which the teeth attachme More
Extracted teeth are always considered as waste or debris. Tooth extraction is the most performed procedure in dentistry following cleaning and prophylaxis in small animals. The first indication of tooth extraction is advanced periodontal disease which the teeth attachments loss occurs and the teeth could not be saved. Other indications include jaw and teeth fracture. In sever and refractory stomatitis, one of the recommended treatment is extraction of either rostral or even all teeth. Therefore, lots of extracted teeth as tissue similar to bone is available. In this article the role of extracted teeth in bone defects as readily available bone graft and regarded existed studies in literature will be reviewed.
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Pancreatitis is the most common exocrine pancreatic disease in both dogs and cats. Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation with acute onset and characterized by necrosis and edema. Premature activation of trypsin in the acinar cells starts a cascade of reactions that re More
Pancreatitis is the most common exocrine pancreatic disease in both dogs and cats. Acute pancreatitis is an inflammation with acute onset and characterized by necrosis and edema. Premature activation of trypsin in the acinar cells starts a cascade of reactions that result in autodigestion. Dogs are often presented with gastrointestinal signs, whereas lethargy and anorexia are the most commonly observed symptoms in cats. Acute pancreatitis may cause cardiovascular shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation or disability of multi organs and/or death. Diagnosing acute pancreatitis in dogs and cats is difficult. Several diagnostic methods have been proposed for the diagnosis of pancreatitis over the past few years, most of which are not applicable due to poor performance, inaccessibility or aggressiveness. Besides, many radiographic methods are used yet none of them are efficient except ultrasonography. Although several laboratory tests including measurement of hematology and biochemistry factors are available, none of them are specific for pancreatitis and they are merely beneficial in rejecting other diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the more specific diagnostic tests for acute pancreatitis in small animals.
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Iron is essential to virtually all living organisms and is integral to multiple metabolic functions. Disorders of iron in the body include iron deficiency anemia, anemia of inflammatory disease, and iron overload. This article summarizes iron metabolism and disorders as More
Iron is essential to virtually all living organisms and is integral to multiple metabolic functions. Disorders of iron in the body include iron deficiency anemia, anemia of inflammatory disease, and iron overload. This article summarizes iron metabolism and disorders associated with iron metabolism in small animals and the diagnostic tests currently in use for assessing iron status are discussed.
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Application of minimally invasive surgeries are increasing in veterinary medicine. Joint disorders are among the most important cause for lameness in small animals, especially dogs. Arthroscopy is one of the techniques for diagnosing, treating and managing of joint inju More
Application of minimally invasive surgeries are increasing in veterinary medicine. Joint disorders are among the most important cause for lameness in small animals, especially dogs. Arthroscopy is one of the techniques for diagnosing, treating and managing of joint injuries. Arthroscopy has advantages over arthrotomy. Arthroscopic surgery is used for management of different injuries in shoulder (glenohumeral), coxofemoral (hip), elbow, carpal and tarsal joints in small animals. Arthroscopy provides the best access to intra-articular structures. Also, post-operative cares, recovery, pain and infection are less than arthrotomy. The goal of this article is to review the uses of arthroscopy in small animals.
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