List of Articles تشخیص

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  1 - Early diagnosis, an important success factor for treatment and control of lameness in cow
  Mohammad Reza  Aghchelou
  20.1001.1.24235695.1398.6.2.7.9
  Lameness is one of the cases of culling of cows; also it causes weight and production loss because of pain and has a lot of therapeutic cost. In a study, the prevalence of lameness was estimated on average 2.2% in dairy herds by farmers. After more objective locomotion More

  Lameness is one of the cases of culling of cows; also it causes weight and production loss because of pain and has a lot of therapeutic cost. In a study, the prevalence of lameness was estimated on average 2.2% in dairy herds by farmers. After more objective locomotion scoring, the prevalence of lameness in same dairy herds was on average 8.1%. This matter shows importance of correct lameness diagnosis. The aim of this article is review of practical ways to early diagnosis of lameness in cows. Early diagnosis of lameness in cows is a very important matter because a cow that shows sever lameness have major problems and easily recognizable but a cow with lesser injury have a milder lameness and diagnosis is more difficult. In case of timely detection there is more success in treatment because of less injury. The best time for lameness diagnosis is the cows are monitored when they go to the milking parlor and return. The studies were shown usually farmers identify one of the four lamb cows because they spend a little time for this task, also the gait of cows change on different floors, like wet concrete, although it is difficult to diagnose the sound gait of mild lameness in many cases. In dairy cattle farms in addition to Body Condition Score which is done regularly, Locomotion Scoring is done regularly to allow early diagnosis of lameness. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Laboratory diagnosis of liver disease in small animal practice
  Saba Ahmadi Morteza  Hasanabadi Mehrdad Mohri
  Today’s accurate diagnosis of disease requires using of different diagnostic and paraclinical methods. Diagnosis of liver disease was a serious challenge both in medicine and veterinary medicine from the past. Clinical biochemistry is one of the main parts of diagnostic More

  Today’s accurate diagnosis of disease requires using of different diagnostic and paraclinical methods. Diagnosis of liver disease was a serious challenge both in medicine and veterinary medicine from the past. Clinical biochemistry is one of the main parts of diagnostic methods. Liver function is evaluated by measuring the variables such as excreting and metabolic functions and enzymes. Because of large functional reserve of liver, symptoms of liver disease appear after loss of huge number of hepatocytes, therefore using of laboratory methods with high specificity and sensitivity could be helpful. None of existing laboratory methods has all characteristics mentioned above. It seems that using different laboratory methods of liver function beside other diagnostic methods such as sonography, cytology and … could be an appropriate approach for reaching a diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. Current article reviews the perfect utility of liver function tests for general diagnosis of liver disease. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Thyroid glands: diseases and laboratory diagnosis in small animals
  Maedeh Ghari Niloufar  Abedi Mohammad Heidarpour
  Thyroid diseases are among the most common endocrine disorders in small animals. Hypothyroidism is a common disease in dogs, but spontaneous hypothyroidism is very rare in adult cats. Hyperthyroidism is one of the most common diseases of cats and is uncommon in dogs. Hy More

  Thyroid diseases are among the most common endocrine disorders in small animals. Hypothyroidism is a common disease in dogs, but spontaneous hypothyroidism is very rare in adult cats. Hyperthyroidism is one of the most common diseases of cats and is uncommon in dogs. Hypothyroidism is primarily a disease of middle aged to old dogs with clinical signs including weight gain to obesity, lethargy, dull haircoat, cold intolerance detected as heat-seeking behavior, decreased libido, reproductive failure, alopecia with no pruritus, and hyperpigmentation in areas of alopecia. Laboratory abnormalities may include mild anemia, increased liver enzymes and increases in muscle enzymes (CPK). Hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia occurs in a majority of cases. Hypercholesterolemia is seen in approximately 80% of hypothyroid dogs and a serum cholesterol concentration greater than 500 mg/dL is very suggestive of hypothyroidism. Basal concentration of total T4 should be the initial endocrine diagnostic test utilized when hypothyroidism is suspected. However, approximately 20% of dogs without hypothyroidism may also have decreased TT4. In addition, total T4 may be in the normal range in about 10% of dogs with hypothyroidism. Therefore, it is important to measure other endocrine tests (free T4 and TSH concentrations). The challenging cases may require more intensive diagnostic procedures such as repeat testing in 4 weeks and/or stimulation tests (TSH or TRH). Hyperthyroidism is the most common endocrine disease of cats. Hyperactivity, weight loss, and polyphagia in a middle aged to old cat are the most frequent clinical problems. Increase in one or more liver enzymes, azotemia, hyperphosphatemia and erythrocytosis are the most consistent lab abnormalities of the hyperthyroid cats. If a cat has some of the physical and clinical laboratory abnormalities characteristic of hyperthyroidism, and an increased TT4 concentration, it is diagnostic of hyperthyroidism and fT4 or any additional tests are not needed. When faced with conflicting clinical signs and lab data while trying to confirm a diagnosis of hyperthyroidism, other endocrine tests such as repeating total T4 in 1-2 weeks, free T4 concentration, T3 suppression test and/or stimulation tests (TSH or TRH) should be considered. Manuscript profile
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  4 - An Overview of Artificial Intelligence Applications in Prediction and Diagnosis of Diseases Occurrence in Veterinary Medicine: Challenges and Techniques
  Mahdi Bashizadeh Parham Soufizadeh Mahdi Zamiri Ayda Lamei Matin Sotoudehnejad Mahsa Daneshmand Melika Ghodrati Erika Isavi Hesameddin Akbarein
  https://doi.org/10.61186/eltiamj.10.2.7
  Early diagnosis of diseases is one of the main goals of health and wellness centers. Timely diagnosis can reduce the potential damage of diseases. The importance of this issue in veterinary medicine multiplies due to its combination with economic goals. Therefore, a pre More

  Early diagnosis of diseases is one of the main goals of health and wellness centers. Timely diagnosis can reduce the potential damage of diseases. The importance of this issue in veterinary medicine multiplies due to its combination with economic goals. Therefore, a predictive approach is necessary for early diagnosis of diseases. This approach should be evidence-based and highly accurate. It should also be economically efficient. Artificial intelligence is the simulation of human intelligence and judgment by a computer or a robot that is programmed or trained to perform tasks that normally need human abilities. The emergence of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques in today's world has improved the existing functions in health care systems. So that with the application of this technology, a significant progress has been made in the procedures of event prediction and disease diagnosis, management and health at the macro level, etc. Furthermore, the scope of diagnosable diseases is extensive, encompassing any ailment for which relevant data can be processed by artificial intelligence algorithms. The trained model has the capability to diagnose a wide range of diseases, with accuracy contingent upon factors such as disease indicators, collected data, and other pertinent variables. In this review article, the most important applications of artificial intelligence in veterinary medicine will be mentioned, and in general, these applications will be examined in various fields such as diagnosis of common diseases, differential diagnosis, prediction of disease occurrence, veterinary diagnostic imaging techniques, veterinary clinical pathology, etc. In addition, the challenges in this field will also be mentioned. This article is a review of recent studies in this fiel. Manuscript profile
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  5 - Evaluation of Diagnostic and Screening Test in Veterinary Medicine
  Mohammad Arad Zandieh Fateme Sheikhian Hamid Sharifi Hesameddin Akbarein
  https://doi.org/10.61186/eltiamj.10.2.2
  Screening tests are a special type of diagnostic tests that are performed in an apparently healthy population. The purpose of performing diagnostic tests is to correctly diagnose patients, distinguish affected animals from healthy animals, distinguish between cases and More

  Screening tests are a special type of diagnostic tests that are performed in an apparently healthy population. The purpose of performing diagnostic tests is to correctly diagnose patients, distinguish affected animals from healthy animals, distinguish between cases and controls, and distinguish between normal and abnormal cases. Screening tests should be simple, cheap, rapid and valid. Diagnostic and screening tests are mainly used in the monitoring of diseases. Related terms to the evaluation of these tests, including sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, accuracy and precision, as well as concepts such as the golden standard, because they are often used interchangeably or misinterpreted, it is especially important to learn them. Also, due to the fact that gold standard tests are often more expensive and time-consuming, incomplete diagnostic tests are used, which can be calculated by calculating the sensitivity and specificity of the actual and apparent prevalence obtained by the diagnostic test. However, if the golden standard test is not available, other methods are used to evaluate the tests, including the Kappa index test. The interpretation results of these tests provide a comprehensive and evidence-based approach to clinicians and experts, which ultimately leads to more accurate, comprehensive, cheaper and faster monitoring. In this review article, with a complete and comprehensive review of the conventional concepts in the evaluation of diagnostic tests, along with the solution of practical examples, we will expand and provide a comprehensive presentation of these concepts. Also, the latest original studies that have been done in the field of evaluation of diagnostic tests will also be reviewed in this article. Manuscript profile